Kolmannskuppe – by Gary

Not far inland from Lüderitz is the ‘ghost town’ of Kolmannskuppe.  Diamond mining in Namibia followed a familiar trajectory: starting with individual prospectors staking out and working claims it quickly, with assistance from government, became highly corporatised and monopolized (hello Mr DeBeers).  Kolmannskuppe was a major company town and centre of mining activity, that is until the focus shifted further south towards the mouth of the Orange River.  The last residents left in 1956 and the abandoned town is now a premier tourist attraction.

Namib dunes sweep through the ‘executive housing’ belt.  This was the house of the company’s accountant 

An exceedingly elegant pad huh?.

The desert slowly encroaches the more down market school masters house.

Thousands of tonnes, a slow, inexorable ocean, engulfs the 200 bed hospital.

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Lüderitz, Namibia – by Gary

In 1881 Heinrich Vogelsang purchased land from the local Nama chief to establish a trading station.  Heinrich was acting for the Bremen merchant Adolf Lüderitz, and to begin with trade mostly focussed on guano (business was Shiesse, nicht so?).  In 1884 the new town carrying Adolf’s name officially became part of the German empire.  Shortly after most of the rest of south-west Africa, destined to become the modern state of Namibia, was also annexed by Germany.

It is was no Teutonic Garden of Eden: on the Atlantic shore all around Lüderitz stretches the Namib Desert, one of the oldest and driest in the world; on its eastern flank stretches the Kalahari; and, squeezed in between some land marginally suitable for farming.  But not easily discouraged and following in some well established colonial footsteps, German settlers started arriving in considerable numbers. Backed up by an enthusiastic military, they expropriated most of the best land from the local tribes, annihilating any resistance.

However this arid new colony was never destined for any great wealth; that is until the 1908 discovery of diamonds in the Namib Desert by workers building a railway to Lüderitz.  The resultant boom quickly transformed this sleepy little outstation into a rampaging rogues gallery where for instance barmaids were paid in diamonds when cash ran low.  Desert communities sprang up overnight in the Lüderitz hinterland, only to fade again as the diamonds pettered out.  In the fabulous Idatal Valley desert winds had laid bare gravels so rich in diamonds that after nightfall men on their hands and knees were able to gather gems glinting in the moonlight.

Diamonds remain important to the Namibian economy – Lonely Planet suggests about 26 tonnes of diamonds worth over US$9 billion are mined annually – however with the corporatization of the industry Lüderitz once again slipped back in to obscurity.  It remains an important port servicing diamond mining, as a coastal port for the hinterland and as a focus for fishing activity.

The Lutheran ‘Felsenkirche’ dominates town, with the town’s grander houses sited just below.

The stained glass window behind the altar was gifted to the town by Kaiser Wilhelm II

Everybody still speaks German and the restaurants have dishes like ‘eisbein mit saurkraut’

The streetscapes are fascinating, half Bavarian village, half Arabian Nights...

... but the vibrant colours remind you this is certainly not Germany.

Bare rock or dunes surround the almost permanently fog shrouded town.  The fog is caused by the Benguela Current sweeping up from Antarctica.  It's this same frigid current that also gives rise to the Namib Desert. 

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Cape Town township tour - by Vicki

South African townships have a long and violent history under the apartheid era. In the post-apartheid era I was keen for us to visit a township in Cape Town and see how black South Africans were getting along. We used Vamos tour company because they support community projects in Langa and employ locals. This is not the cheapest way to visit a township but probably the safest.

The first township we visited was Guguletha, which has a population of around 400 000 people. This township has a history of violence that is still present today. We drove along the main thoroughfare passed the memorial to the 'Gugulethu Seven', seven young men bashed to death by police, and the memorial to Amy Biehl, a young white anti-apartheid activist killed by township residents’. Both memorials are poignant reminders of the violence of the apartheid era. Despite the continuing social unrest in this community both memorials are in very good condition.

Memorial to the 'Gugulethu Seven'

Amy Biehl Memorial

Typical of all townships there are only two entry/exit points. This township has two modes of public transport available – mini-buses which take people to other towns/suburbs and train stations, and cars (“cockroaches”) which carry people only within the township. Private car ownership is low. The township has various housing options ranging from shanties and small to medium detached houses. Detached houses make up about 65 per cent of the housing stock, which surprised us because images of shanties dominate the electronic media. Nonetheless the shanties occupy the fringe of the township and are most visible from the highways.

Langa is the second township we visited, it was established in 1924 and is the oldest in Cape Town. Langa’s population is around 90 000 and continues to grow. The population is predominantly Xhosa, whose language includes three distinct “click” sounds and is fascinating to listen to. More importantly, from an overseas visitors’ perspective, there are low levels of crime and personal safety is fairly good.

Langa is a small township by current standards and has little land available to expand. There is an on-going program of redeveloping hostels and converting them to family housing, building three and four storey apartment blocks for family housing and building new detached housing where shanties have been demolished. The community has quarantined a small area of land for traditional initiation ceremonies – rites of passage to manhood. The recently initiated young men are seen wearing their “Sunday best”, which they wear for one month. Traditional initiation ceremonies for women are conducted as part of a wedding ceremony.

Our walking tour of Langa began at the Community Centre which runs training projects in ceramics, painting and picture framing, and beading to foster job opportunities for its residents. The ceramics program takes 24 trainees per year and covers all aspects of producing plates, bowls, mugs etc.

Langa Community Centre and ceramic workshop “in action”

 
Outside the Community Centre Gladstone, our guide, lists the range of services within Langa – schools, hospital, police, local government (manages housing) - and a railway station nearby. The housing stock ranges from shanties, to hostels and family apartments to detached houses. Gladstone also tells us that there is some wealth in the township signified by car ownership and attending school outside the township. The only green public space in Langa is the park beside the Community Centre, with its large shady trees.

Young children rush to greet us.

Our first stop has to be the smallest dwellings at Langa – a steel shipping container divided into two rooms each with a small window and uninsulated. There are two rows of six containers which share an ablutions block where water is supplied free. A look inside one room reveals a double bed, wardrobe, fridge, electric double hotplate, and TV with barely any room left to stand up. The occupants, a woman and two small children, have been living there for five years. Gladstone suggests that she could have to wait another two years before she gets allocated something bigger – amazing! Electricity is supplied to each room using a pre-paid system like pay-as-you-go mobile phone vouchers.

One room 'half container' houses

Langa residents are perpetually on a housing waiting list – always waiting for a bigger home. We wonder if this upsets people or they believe there is an opportunity for their number to come up. Gladstone suggests that most people are optimistic and believe the system works even though there is constant evidence of corruption and  bribe taking.

Down the street there are small shops selling fruit, vegetables, traditional alcohol, cigarettes and sheeps heads. Sheeps head are a local delicacy prepared over open fires – they take hours to prepare and are sold for only R40 (AUS$4.40). This is women’s work and they toil in the heat under a burning sky – it is such a small reward for their effort.

Preparing sheeps heads (they mainly come from Australia and New Zealand!)

 Playing dominoes

Onward through Langa we wander amongst an area of hostels shoulder-to-shoulder with a central lane between. One of these hostels is where Gladstone grew up. Hostels are entered in the middle into a large shared area (4x5metres) with two concrete picnic-style table and benches, a fridge, and a sink. Off to each side are three bedrooms (2x3metres each) with three beds each plus a bathroom and a kitchen at each end of the hostel. Adults sleep in the bedrooms, children sleep on the floor and table tops. During Gladstone’s time in the hostel up to 30 children slept in the middle area. There is a pay-as-you-go box for electricity to each bedroom and one for the shared area. Resident’s pool their money to buy cleaning products and electricity for the fridge. In the bedrooms all you own is your bed – a platform across two concrete piers to put a mattress on and store your personal items below. The lack of personal space and privacy are insurmountable. School (home)work is done after midnight when everyone has gone to bed. The hostel is spartan but clean.

A hostel bed costs R20 (AUS$2.20) per month.  

Hostel blocks

In a nearby hostel a traditional medicine man is selling (“mutti”)herbs and other items. People come and go. We visit another hostel recently renovated into family housing – privacy guaranteed. TVs are common place in most homes because we hear the noise drift outdoors. Fridges are also common place. Down the street further we walk passed some beautiful three storey apartments and detached houses. The detached houses have three bedrooms, garages and carports and are fenced for privacy.

Beautiiful new houses, yet to be occupied

Along the edge of Langa we wander through the shanties. Toilets are in rows on the external road, interspersed with tap stands for bucketing water to the shanties. One large communal wash stand is centrally located. An interesting range of building materials have been used – strips of wood, metal and plastic signs, bits of corrugated iron, and a small window here and there. Some shanties have fences and gardens, a few have animal (goat) pens.

Shanties

There is evidence of shanties being removed and we wonder why people don’t rush to build again. Gladstone explains that the community knows that new housing is planned here and they will ensure that no-one builds because others are on the waiting list for this new housing.

Inside a shanty, a 6x3 metre two room residence, built of wood and corrugated iron we see walls lined with plastic signs and linoleum over packed earth. This young family of three has a TV, micro-wave, fridge, two hot-plate stove and kerosene heater for use in winter. They have electricity but no running water and there is little insulation - I am sure it is very cold and wet here in winter. They pay no rent to the local government and therefore it is understandable why a young couple with energy and some building materials would choose to live in a shanty for an indeterminate time while they wait for better housing.

We looked inside this typical shanty as well as seeing the laundry.

It is now later afternoon and children are streaming home from school. Our last stop is Happy Feet, a community project for children funded by Vamos. The aim of the project is to provide some afternoon tea and activities to divert children away from gangs and other anti-social activities. Happy Feet is a reference to the dance troupe based on miners’ singing and dancing – a stomping, gum-boot slapping set of dances. Happy Feet have a simple stage, their name is graffitied on the fence and they have an old container for a club house. On our arrival we are greeted by dozens of children – two or three hold each of our hands. It is clear that they are proud of their dancing and that many of the younger children aspire to become part of the dance troupe.

Happy feet troupe and followers

From our short visit we left with the impression that Langa is a place where optimism and opportunity are alive. There are projects and people seeking to make Langa a good place to stay rather than flee. As a visitor we barely touched the surface of what makes this community tick. Nonetheless visiting a township is an experience I would recommend to others.

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District Six Museum - by Vicki

Poignant plaque on the outside wall of the District Six Methodist Church (now the District Six Museum)

Cape Town is composed of six districts and it was in 1967 in District Six that the social engineering of apartheid was applied. As visitors we have an interest in how apartheid shaped the social fabric of South Africa and, in particular, Cape Town. An understanding of how society changed then, and what it is now, can be gained by visiting the District Six Museum.

The District Six Museum documents the eviction, removal and destruction of a thriving multi-cultural district of Cape Town. Black Africans were removed to the townships as early as 1901. However it was not until 1967 that the Group Areas Act sought to more thoroughly create separate business and residential areas for non-whites, reserving most of the country for whites only, relegating coloureds and blacks to segregated areas. Through this mechanism 60 000 coloured people were also displaced into ‘townships’ on the Cape Flats.

However the story does not end there. As part of a process of reconstruction and reconciliation the museum has captured the life stories of many past residents’ of District Six. It was a deeply moving experience to read these stories.

 Removal to a township visited many privations and fears on these Cape Town residents and gave rise to an era of fear and oppression.

For former District Six residents moving to and from a township to work was closely monitored. Social support networks were fractured and people became isolated and alienated. Fortunes and economic opportunity were stolen from many and were not regained.

District Six Museum provides a montage of life as it was lived by the many newcomers to Cape Town - photos of weddings, christenings, coming of age celebrations and graduations. Newspapers stories, aerial photos at different points in time, street signs and other memorabilia highlight the poignancy of this story. There are sad stories and stories of lost friendships. There are children’s stories – memories of growing up on the foreshore of Table Bay when you could wander to the beach and play. There are stories of living next door to someone of a different religion and cultural background – unique in South Africa at that time but now common in many large cities of the world.

A long view of District Six, as it was prior to application of the Group Areas Act.  The city centre stands in the background.

District Six was a place of cultural diversity and religious tolerance.  But many of its buildings were old and poorly maintained.

Poor condition was used as thin justification for the removal of its coloured residents, allowing buildings to be torn down, making way for a new (white) neighbourhood to be built in its place.

A view down the same street (as shown two above) today.  The mosque still stands at the top of the street.

District Six now. What is most astounding is that to this day the area remains mostly vacant land with the former community's churches and a mosque scattered in this landscape.  The State quickly built some major new civic projects, but private enterprise failed to follow and  build the new white neighbourhood – an amazing silent statement. 

The removal of many black and coloured people occurred approximately two generation ago. The apartheid era geographically and culturally deeply divided South Africans from each other, but now the tide has begun to turn and hopefully will keep turning.

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Security (cont.) – by Gary

We met this guy early one morning while walking on the mountain above Simon’s Town.  As he was carrying a rifle the meeting was a little confronting.  But he was ok, although he was on serious guard duty!  His job is to protect houses in the valley below from raids.  According to him the raiders can strike at any time although early mornings just after people have left for work tends to be a favourite.  He went on to tell us the raiders can work solo or in groups, are highly intelligent and spend hours on reconnaissance, just waiting for the right moment.  He warned us to be careful!

He was guarding these particularly vulnerable houses right on the edge of town

A little further up the track we were confronted by a large group of raiders!  Boy that was a little scary too!

The raiders!  In South Africa it seems the criminal class is not just restricted to humans.  

They only need the smallest gap to get in, a cat flap will do fine!

Once in generally they don’t mess about but head straight for the refrigerator (see open door, bottom left)

But they can be very naughty too!

Its good to think these guys were keeping us safe!  The rifles they carry are paint ball guns.

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The Heart of Cape Town Museum – by Gary

On 3 December 1967 cardiac surgeon Dr Christian Barnard entered the history books by performing the world’s first heart transplant.  The operation took place at Cape Town’s Groote Schuur Hospital, and today the suite of rooms where this event unfolded have been turned in to a museum.  Visitors receive a two-hour guided tour including two short films and entry to the actual operating theatres used, set up with life-like manikins and props recreating some of the drama of this historical event.  We really enjoyed the experience and what follows is a quick summary of what we learned.

Barnard, a promising, highly motivated and self directed young doctor, won a scholarship to study surgery in the USA. He went to the University of Minnesota, at the time a world leader in cardiac surgery.  Returning to Cape Town in 1958 with a PhD degree and a bubble oxygenating machine Barnard immediately started work performing and teaching cardiac surgery.  He used surgery to correct a variety of problems, most particularly faulty valves; he having designed an artificial valve that could successfully replace a human one.

The bubble oxygenator that allowed Barnard to start performing heart surgery in Cape Town.  It performs the job of the heart and lungs while the heart is being operated on.

Not all heart problems can be repaired, and for some the only hope of continuing life is a transplant.  In the USA surgeons had already mapped out a draft procedure and there was a race to put it to the test.  Barnard threw his hat in the ring.

Barnard started by testing the procedure on stray dogs collected from the city pound.  You can see the bubble oxygenator in the background.

  

Here you can see the dog’s sternum has been cut and a special jig applied to prize apart the ribs exposing the heart and lungs (remember it is a model!). Barnard (according to our guide) performed almost 50 successful operations on dogs.

The problems of tissue rejection had still not been properly resolved (a point skirted by our guide) – however Barnard decided it was time to put the procedure to test on humans.  He assembled and placed ‘on call’ a large team and all the necessary equipment. For his first recipient he selected Mr Louis Washkansky.  Washkansky was suffering an inoperable heart condition and was dying.  All he needed now was a donor.  When 25-year old Denise Darvall was declared brain dead, the victim of a drunk driver incident while crossing a busy road near the hospital, the final barrier came down.

Here Barnard is in the first of two operating theatres removing Darvill’s heart.  He is assisted by his brother (also a cardiac surgeon), an anesthetist, various nurses and a crew working to oxygenate the now still heart.

The heart is moved in to the theatre next door where Washkansky has already been ‘preped’, i.e. his chest cavity exposed, his circulation bypassed to the heart/lung machine and his dying heart removed.  

The job of plumbing up his donor heart takes almost five hours. Here Barnard is using a defibrillator to kick start Washkansky’s new heart – it takes a few jolts before it bursts in to life again.

Washkansky is moved in to the ‘intensive care’ ward, (our guide says this is another of Barnard’s many medical innovations) and is soon conscious and cheerful, saying he feels better than he has for years. 

Unfortunately Washkansky had only had eighteen more days to live, falling victim to pneumonia as a result of the drugs being used to suppress his immune system. But Barnard and his team had learnt a great deal.  They went on to perform many more transplants, each one (according to our guide) more successful than the previous.  Heart transplants have apparently now become quite a common procedure with thousands(?) performed every year.

Washkansky’s donor heart, along with his old one, are displayed in jars at the museum.  It seemed goulish, but visitors to the museum are mostly the medical fraternity whom presumably have a technical interest (for instance you can see all of Barnard’s suturing).  The bottled hearts are the only things they ask you not to photograph – so if you want to see them you better go yourself.  We all highly recommend this museum; it is an absolute corker – although with an edge of propaganda.

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Security in South Africa - by Gary

Continuing to own any portable asset in South Africa presents challenges judging by the many elaborate security precautions we regularly see.  High walls, steel bars, electric fences, alarms, vicious dogs, armed security guards and closed circuit TVs are all among the most commonly employed devices.  But I rather liked the below approach to deterring driveway vehicle theft.

It's a bar  inserted into a special concreted fitting in the driveway  then secured with a
large padlock - it prevents a would be thief  reversing the vehicle out of  the driveway

here is a close-up of  the bar - subtle huh?